Icandelo laseMalaysia laseGloves: Okulungileyo, okubi nokubi-Uhlalutyo
Ngu-Francis E. Hutchinson kunye ne-Pritish Bhattacharya
Ubhubhane oqhubekayo we-COVID-19 kunye nesiphumo soMyalelo woLawulo lweMovement (MCO) siwuphathe kakubi uqoqosho lwaseMalaysia. Ngelixa iSebe lezeziMali belixela kwangaphambili ukuba i-GDP yesizwe iyakwehla malunga neepesenti ezi-4.5 ngonyaka we-2020, idatha entsha ibonakalisa ukuba eyona nto yayicuthekile yayiyi-5.8 yepesenti. [1]
Ngokukwanjalo, ngokokuqikelela okwenziwe ngabahlalutyi kwi-Bank Negara Malaysia kunyaka ophelileyo, ilizwe linokulindela ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kwamanqanaba ukuya kuthi ga kwiipesenti ezisi-8 ngo-2021. Kodwa izithintelo ezingapheliyo ziye zayenza mnyama imbonakalo. Ngokwenyani, uqikelelo lwamva nje lweBhanki yeHlabathi kukuba uqoqosho lwaseMalaysia luya kukhula ngeepesenti ezi-6.7 kulo nyaka. [2]
Isithokothoko soqoqosho esongele ilizwe-kunye nehlabathi-ukusukela kulo nyaka uphelileyo, nangona kunjalo, sikhanyisiwe ngokuyinxenye kukusebenza okumangazayo kwecandelo leglavu zerabha laseMalaysia. Nangona ilizwe lingumvelisi ohamba phambili weiglavu zerabha, ukufuna okungxamisekileyo kwezixhobo zokuzikhusela kuye kwahlawulisa izinga lokukhula kwecandelo.
Kwi-2019, uMbutho wabavelisi beGlavu zerabha yaseMalaysian (MARGMA) uxele kwangaphambili ukuba ibango lehlabathi leiglavu zerabha liyakunyuka ngeqondo eliphantsi le-12 pesenti, lifike kuma-300 eebhiliyoni zizonke nge-2020.
Kodwa njengoko intsholongwane yaqhambuka ivela kwelinye ilizwe yaya kwelinye, olu qikelelo luye lwahlaziywa ngokukhawuleza. Ngokwamanani akutshanje, ibango linyuke laya kuthi ga kumaqhekeza angama-360 ezigidi kunyaka ophelileyo, lityhala izinga lokukhula lonyaka lisondele kwiipesenti ezingama-20. Kwiziphumo ezipheleleyo, iMalaysia ibonelele malunga nesibini kwisithathu, okanye iiglavu ezingama-240 zezigidigidi. Uqikelelo lweemfuno zehlabathi kulo nyaka lumi kwizigidi zezigidi ezingama-420. [3]
NgokwePhando lokuPhengulula iMarike, oku kunyuka kwemfuno kubangele ukonyuka okuphindwe kalishumi kwixabiso eliphakathi lokuthengisa iiglavu ze-nitrile-eyona nto ifunwayo emva kweiglavu zonyango ezilahlwayo. Phambi kokuba kuqhambuke ubhubhane, abathengi kuye kwafuneka baqokelele ngaphandle iidola ezi-3 ngepakethi yeiglavu ezili-100 zenitrile; ixabiso ngoku lenyukele kuma- $ 32. [4]
Ukusebenza kwecandelo leenkcenkce zerabha kuye kwavelisa umdla omkhulu eMalaysia nakwezinye iindawo. Kwelinye icala, i-bevy yabavelisi abatsha ingene kumzi mveliso ovela kumacandelo ahlukeneyo njengearhente yokuthengisa izindlu nomhlaba, ioyile yesundu kunye neIT. Kwelinye, uphononongo oluphakamileyo lukhanyisile kuluhlu lweendlela ezinencasa. Ngokukodwa, uninzi lwamashishini amakhulu adonsa ingqalelo kutyholwa ngokwaphula amalungelo abasebenzi kunye nokulandela inzuzo ngeendleko zabo-kwanakwixesha lentabalala.
Ngelixa livumelekile, kukho izinto ezininzi ezakhiweyo ezinegalelo koku. Abanye banxulumene necandelo leiglavu zerabha uqobo, kwaye abanye banxulunyaniswa nomgaqo-nkqubo obanzi osebenza kuwo. Le micimbi itsalela ingqalelo kwisidingo sabanini beefemu kunye nabenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo eMalaysia, kunye nabathengi kunye noorhulumente kumazwe abaxhasi, ukujonga icandelo kunye neendlela zokuvelisa ngokubanzi.
Okulungileyo
Njengakwimeko yonyaka ophelileyo, imfuno yeigloves zonyango kulindeleke ukuba ikhule ngamazinga angazange abonwe kulo nyaka. Uqikelelo lukaMARGMA lowama-2021 lubonisa ukukhula kwamanani ali-15 ukuya kuma-20 eepesenti, kunye neemfuno zehlabathi ezibekiweyo zokubetha iziqwenga zeglavu ezingama-420 ngokuphela konyaka, ngenxa yenani elinyukayo lamatyala okusasazeka koluntu kunye nokufunyanwa kweentlobo ezintsha, ezosulelayo ngakumbi intsholongwane.
Umkhwa awulindelwanga ukuba utshintshe nanjengoko amazwe amaninzi esenza iinkqubo zokugonya. Ngapha koko, ukuthunyelwa kwamayeza amakhulu okugonya kuya kuqhuba ngakumbi kwimfuno kuba iigloves zovavanyo ziyafuneka ukuze kutofwe izitofu.
Ngaphandle kwamathemba elanga, icandelo linezinye izibonelelo eziphambili. Inika imali kwimpahla yorhwebo eveliswa kakhulu yiMalaysia - irabha.
Ukufumaneka kwemathiriyeli ephambili ekrwada, kunye notyalo-mali oluninzi ekuhambeni kwexesha ekuphuculeni iinkqubo zemveliso, kuvumele ilizwe ukuba likhokele ngokungenakuphikiswa kwicandelo. Oku ke, kuye kwabangela ukuba kubekho inkqubo-bume enkulu yabadlali abadumileyo kunye neefem zabathengisi ezivumela icandelo ngokudibeneyo ukuba lisebenze ngokufanelekileyo. [5]
Nangona kunjalo, kukho ukhuphiswano olunzima oluvela kwamanye amazwe avelisa iiglavu, ngakumbi iTshayina neThailand-eyona mveliso inkulu yerabha yendalo.
Kodwa iMARGMA ilindele ukuba iMalaysia igcine isikhundla sayo esiphambili ngenxa yeli lizwe elijolise ekuthumeleni kumazwe angaphandle, lincediswa ziziseko zophuhliso ezifanelekileyo, imeko yezoshishino efanelekileyo, kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo elungele ushishino. Kwaye nakula mazwe mabini akhuphisanayo, iindleko zabasebenzi kunye nezamandla ziphezulu kakhulu kunaseMalaysia. [6]
Ngapha koko, icandelo lesikhuseli serabha liyonwabele inkxaso engaguquguqukiyo evela kurhulumente. Ibonwa njengentsika ephambili yoqoqosho, icandelo leerabha, kubandakanya nomzi-mveliso weiglavu, yenye yeendawo ezili-12 zeSizwe zoPhuhliso lwezoQoqosho (NKEAs).
Eli nqanaba lokuphambili libandakanya uluhlu lwenkxaso karhulumente kunye nenkuthazo. Umzekelo, ukukhuthaza iintshukumo ezonyukayo, urhulumente ubonelela ngexabiso legesi yerhafu exhaswa ngurhulumente - eyona ndlela iluncedo kakhulu, kuba iindleko zegesi zibalelwa kwiipesenti ezili-10-15 zenkcitho yemveliso yeglavu. [7]
Ngokunjalo, iRubber Industry Small Small Development Authority (i-RISDA) ityale imali kakhulu kwicandelo lokutyala kunye neenkqubo zokutyala ngokutsha.
Xa kufikwa kwicandelo eliphakathi, amanyathelo athathwe yiBhodi yeRabha yaseMalaysia (MRB) ukukhuthaza intsebenziswano yoluntu-yabucala ye-R & D kukhokelele kuphuculo oluqhubekayo lobuchwephesha ngendlela yokuphucula imigca yokuntywila kunye neenkqubo zolawulo lomgangatho olomeleleyo. [8] Kwaye, ukukhuthaza imisebenzi esezantsi, iMalaysia iyisusile imirhumo yokungenisa elizweni kuzo zonke iintlobo zerabha yendalo -urraw kunye nolungisiweyo. [9]
Ukunyuka okukhulu kwexabiso lokuthengisa, kudityaniswa nokutsiba kwamaxabiso okuthengisa, iindleko eziphantsi zezinto, ukubakho kwabasebenzi abancinci, ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, kunye nenkxaso kurhulumente, kukhokelele ekukhuleni okubonakalayo kwimivuzo yabenzi beiglavu ababalaseleyo kweli lizwe. Ixabiso lilonke labaseki baseMalaysia Ezine ezinkulu iinkampani zeglavu- iTop Glove Corp Bhd, iHartalega Holdings Bhd, iKossan Rubber Industries Bhd, kunye neSupermax Corp Bhd - ngoku iwele umda onqwenelekayo wezigidigidi zeedola.
Ngaphandle kwabadlali abakhulu beshishini bonwabela amaxabiso ezabelo anyukayo, baqala ukwanda kwemveliso, kwaye bonwabele inzuzo yabo eyandisiweyo, [10] abadlali abancinci kwicandelo bakhethe ukonyusa amandla emveliso. Umtsalane ke yimida yenzuzo kangangokuba neefemu kumacandelo njengoko zinqanyuliwe njengearhente yokuthengiswa kwezindlu kunye ne-IT ziye zagqiba kwelokuba zenze imveliso yegloves. [11]
Ngokwengqikelelo ka-MARGMA, ishishini leglavu zerabha laseMalaysia laqesha malunga nabantu abangama-71,800 ngo-2019. Abemi babalelwa kwiipesenti ezingama-39 zabasebenzi (28,000) nabaphambukeli bangaphandle benza iipesenti ezingama-61 ezisele (43,800).
Ngenxa yokwanda kweemfuno zehlabathi, abenzi beiglavu ngoku bajongene nokunqongophala kwabasebenzi. Umzi-mveliso ngokungxamisekileyo kufuneka ukhulise abasebenzi bawo ngeepesenti ezingama-32, okanye abasebenzi abangama-25,000. Kodwa ukuqesha ngokukhawuleza kuye kwaba ngumceli mngeni ekukhanyeni kukarhulumente kurhwaphilizo ekufumaneni abasebenzi baphesheya.
Ukuthomalalisa le meko, iifemu ziyakwandisa ukuzenzekelayo kwaye ziqesha abantu baseMalaysia, ngaphandle kwemivuzo ephezulu. Lo ngumthombo owamkelekileyo wemfuno yezabasebenzi, ngenxa yokuba inqanaba lentswela-ngqesho likazwelonke liye lenyuka ukusuka kwipesenti ezi-3.4 ngowama-2019 ukuya kwipesenti ezi-4.2 ngoMatshi 2020. [12]
Ngaba kubi?
Ingeniso ebalaseleyo eyonwatyelwa ngabenzi beiglavu phantse kwangoko yatsala umdla woRhulumente waseMalaysia, ngenani lamagosa anyuliweyo afuna ukuba kubanjelwe "irhafu yomoya" enye kwiinkampani ezinkulu. Abona bantu bathethelela intshukumo bathi irhafu enjalo, ukongeza kwirhafu ekhoyo (esele ivele ngeepesenti ezingama-400 ukuya kwi-RM2.4 yezigidigidi ngo-2020), yayifanelekile kuba iifemu zazinoxanduva lokuziphatha kunye nomthetho " buyisela ”imali kuluntu ngokuhlawula le rhafu kurhulumente. [13]
UMARGMA usikhalimele esi sicelo. Irhafu yokubalekisa umoya ayizukuthintela kuphela izicwangciso zeenkampani zeglavu zokwandisa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezikhulayo, kodwa ikwanciphise ukuphinda kutyalwe inzuzo kwimisebenzi yokuxhasa iinkqubo zokwahluka kunye nokuzenzekelayo.
Oku kunokubeka emngciphekweni ngokulula iMalaysia yokuphulukana nesikhundla sayo esiphambili ukuya kwamanye amazwe asele ekhulisa imveliso. Kukwanokuphikiswa ukuba, ukuba irhafu eyongezelelweyo ihlawuliswa kumzi-mveliso ngamaxesha okuphumelela okungaqhelekanga, urhulumente kufuneka akulungele ukuhlangula abadlali bakhe abaphambili xa kukho ubunzima.
Emva kokulinganisa omabini amacala empikiswano, urhulumente wamisa isicwangciso sakhe sokumisela irhafu entsha. Isizathu esasinikwa oonondaba kukuba ukungenisa irhafu yenzuzo ayizukubonwa kakubi ngabatyali mali kuphela kodwa nangamaqela oluntu.
Ukongeza, eMalaysia, irhafu yenzuzo yebhonasi ayikaze inyanzeliswe kwimpahla egqityiweyo- ngenxa yobunzima bokumisela umda wexabiso lentengiso, ngakumbi kwiimveliso ezinje ngeiglavu zerabha, ezineentlobo ezahlukeneyo, imigangatho, imigaqo, kunye namabakala ngokwe kumazwe athengiswayo. [14] Ngenxa yoko, xa uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lowama-2021 lwathi thaca, abenzi beiglavu bayasinda kwirhafu eyongezelelweyo. Endaweni yokuba kugqitywe kwelokuba Ezine ezinkulu Iinkampani zinganikezela ngokudibeneyo kwi-RM400 yezigidi kurhulumente ukunceda ukuhlawula ezinye zeendleko zokugonya kunye nezixhobo zonyango. [15]
Ngelixa ingxoxo-mpikiswano malunga negalelo elaneleyo lecandelo kwilizwe ngokubanzi ibonakala ilungelelene, into eyayiphikiswa ngokungathandabuzekiyo yayiyimpikiswano ejikeleze abadlali bayo abaziintloko, ngakumbi iTop Glove. Oku kuqina kusisandla esinye esineakhawunti yekota yesiphumo seglavu yomhlaba kwaye kuxhamle ngokungaphaya kumanqanaba aphezulu ebango.
Iglavu ephezulu yayingomnye wabaphumeleleyo kwasekuqaleni kwengxaki yezempilo. Enkosi ekukhuleni okungenakuthelekiswa nanto kwintengiso yeglavu, inkampani yaphula iirekhodi ezininzi zenzuzo. Kwikota yayo yamva nje yezemali (ephela nge-30 kaNovemba 2020), ifemu irekhode ezona ngeniso ziphezulu ze-RM2.38 yezigidigidi.
Ngonyaka nonyaka, inzuzo yayo iyenyuka amaxesha angama-20 kunyaka ophelileyo. Kwanangaphambi kobhubhane, iGlove ephezulu ibisendleleni eyandisayo ngaphezulu kweminyaka emibini, ikhulisa amandla ayo ukusuka kumaqhekeza eiglavu angama-60.5 billion ngoAgasti 2018 ukuya kuma-70.1 bhiliyoni ngoNovemba 2019. Ekhwele kwimpumelelo yakutshanje, umenzi weglavu ngoku uceba ukwanda umthamo wonyaka ngama-30 eepesenti ekupheleni kwama-2021 ukuya kuma-91,4 ezigidi zeerandi. [16]
Nangona kunjalo, ngo-Novemba kulo nyaka uphelileyo, zaqhekeka iindaba zokuba amawakawaka abasebenzi-uninzi lwabasebenzi bangaphandle-kwenye yeenkampani ezenza imveliso bavavanye i-coronavirus. Kwisithuba nje seentsuku, indawo zokulala zabasebenzi ezininzi zachongwa njengezona klasta ze-COVID kwaye urhulumente wakhawuleza wamisela iiveki ezininzi zokuphuculwa kwe-MCO (EMCO).
Olu qhushululu luye lwanyanzela urhulumente ukuba avule uphando olwenziweyo kangange-19 kwiinkxaso-mali zeTop Glove ezintandathu. Oku kulandela imisebenzi yokunyanzelwa ngaxeshanye yi-Ofisi yoMphathiswa Wezabasebenzi.
Abasebenzi ababandakanyekayo kweli qela banikwa uMyalelo woHlolo lweKhaya (HSO) kangangeentsuku ezili-14 kwaye banxitywa imisonto yokujonga kunye nokujonga impilo mihla le.
Zonke iindleko zovavanyo lwabasebenzi lwe-COVID-19, indawo yokuvalelwa bodwa nokutya okunxulumene noko, ezothutho kunye nendawo yokuhlala zaziza kuhlawulwa yiTop Glove. Ukuphela konyaka, bangaphezulu kwama-5 000 abasebenzi bangaphandle kwiTop Glove abachazwe ukuba bosulelekile. [17] Ambalwa kodwa amatyala athe rhoqo axelwa kwizibonelelo zemveliso ezizezinye ezintathu Ezine ezinkulu amafemu, ecebisa ukuba ingxaki ibingafakwanga indawo kwinkampani enye. [18]
Uphando lwaseburhulumenteni luveze ukuba eyona nto iphambili ekukhuleni okukhawulezayo kwamaqela e-mega kwicandelo leiglavu yayiziimeko zokuphila zabasebenzi. Iindawo zokulala zabafuduki zazizele ngabantu, zingenampilo kwaye zingenamoya ungcole- kwaye oku kwakungaphambi kokuba ubhubhane uhlasele.
Ubunzulu bale meko buhanjiswa zizimvo ezenziwe nguMlawuli-Jikelele weSebe lezabaSebenzi lasePeninsular yaseMalaysia (i-JTKSM), iarhente ephantsi koMphathiswa Wezabasebenzi: “Eyona nto iphambili kukuba abaqeshi basilele ukufaka isicelo sokuqinisekiswa ngendawo yokuhlala kwiLabour. ISebe phantsi kweCandelo lama-24D loMthetho oyi-Workers 'Minimum Standards of Housing and Amenities Act ka-1990 oku kukhokelele kwamanye amatyala kuquka indawo zokuhlala ezixineneyo kunye neendawo zokulala, ezazingonwabisi kwaye zingenamoya ungcono. Imithetho kamasipala yengingqi. I-JTKSM izakuthatha inyathelo elilandelayo ukubhekisa kumaphepha ophando esele evuliwe ukuze onke la malwaphulo-mthetho akwazi ukuphandwa phantsi komThetho. Ulwaphulo-mthetho ngalunye phantsi koMthetho luthwala isohlwayo sama-RM50,000 kunye nexesha elinokubanjwa. ”[19]
Amalungiselelo endlu embi asikuphela komcimbi oxhalabisayo ojamelene necandelo leglavu. IGlove ephezulu yaphinda yagqama kwilizwe jikelele ngoJulayi wonyaka ophelileyo, xa iUS Customs kunye noMda woKhuselo lweMida (i-CBP) yabhengeza ukuthintelwa kokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe kwiinkampani zayo ezimbini ngenxa yenkxalabo yabasebenzi.
Kwi 2020 Uluhlu lweeMpahla eziveliswe ngokuSetyenziswa kwaBantwana okanye ngokuSebenza ngokunyanzelwa Ingxelo, iSebe Lezabasebenzi laseMelika (i-USDOL) latyhola iGlove ephezulu:
1) ukubeka abasebenzi rhoqo kwimirhumo ephezulu yokugaya;
2) ukubanyanzela ukuba basebenze ixesha elongezelelekileyo;
3) ukubenza basebenze kwiimeko eziyingozi;
(4) ukugrogrisa ngezohlwayo, ukubamba umvuzo kunye neepasi, kunye nokuthintelwa kweentshukumo. [20] Ekuqaleni, i-Top Glove yawaphikisa onke amabango, iqinisekisa ukunganyamezeli kwaphela ukunyhashwa kwamalungelo abasebenzi.
Nangona kunjalo, ingakwazi ukujongana ngokwanelisayo nemiba kwangexesha, inkampani yanyanzelwa ukuba ihlawule i-RM136 yezigidi kubasebenzi abafudukayo njengembuyiselo yemirhumo yokugaya. [21] Ukuphucula eminye imiba yezentlalontle yabasebenzi, nangona kunjalo, kuchazwe “njengomsebenzi oqhubekayo” ngabaphathi beTop Glove. [22]
Ububi
Yonke le micimbi itsalele ingqalelo kubume bomgaqo-nkqubo obanzi, kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle okunxulumene noko.
Ukuthobela ngendlela engaphaya kwabasebenzi abangenazakhono. IMalaysia kudala ixhomekeke kubasebenzi bangaphandle abangabizi kakhulu abavela kuqoqosho oluhlwempuzekileyo. Ngokwamanani asemthethweni apapashwe ngu-Mphathiswa Wezabasebenzi, ngo-2019, malunga neepesenti ezili-18 zabasebenzi baseMalaysia babenabasebenzi abafudukayo. [23] Nangona kunjalo, ukuba abasebenzi bamanye amazwe abangenazimpepha bayathathelwa ingqalelo, eli nani linokufikelela naphi na ukusuka kuma-25 ukuya kuma-40 epesenti. [24]
Ingxaki iqhubekeka yongezwa yinto edla ngokungahoywa yokuba abafuduki kunye nabemi abangabambeli ngokugqibeleleyo, inqanaba lemfundo lelona phawu lubalaseleyo. Phakathi konyaka wama-2010 nowama-2019, uninzi lwabasebenzi abasuka kwamanye amazwe abangena kwimarike yezemisebenzi eMalaysia babeneyona mfundo inkulu, ngelixa inani labemi abafundileyo kwimfundo ephakamileyo lonyuke kakhulu. [25] Oku akuchazi nje kuphela ukungangqinelani kwendalo yemisebenzi ethathwe ngabasebenzi abaninzi baphesheya kweelwandle kunye nabaseMalaysia, kodwa kwanobunzima obujamelene nomzi-mveliso weiglavu zerabha ekugcwaliseni izithuba ezingenabantu nabantu balapha.
Ukuphunyezwa kakubi kwemigaqo kunye nokutshintsha kwemigaqo-nkqubo. Iingxaki ezithwaxwa lushishino azide zibe ntsha. Izityholo zokungasebenzi kakuhle kunye nezezindlu zabasebenzi becandelo leglavu zaqala ukuvela kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo. Kwi-2018, ukubhencwa okuzimeleyo okubini- yi-Thomson Reuters Foundation [26] kunye ne-Guardian [27] -kuveze ukuba abasebenzi bamanye amazwe kwi-Top Glove bahlala besebenza phantsi kweemeko ezihlangabezana neendlela ezininzi zoMbutho weZabasebenzi weHlabathi "wobukhoboka banamhlanje kunye nokusebenza ngokunyanzelwa" . Nangona urhulumente waseMalaysia eqale waphendula ngokuxhasa ngokungazenzisiyo irekhodi lomenzi weiglavu, [28] waphosa iso lakhe emva kokuba iTop Glove ivume ukophula imithetho yezabasebenzi. [29]
Uhlobo olungangqinelaniyo lomgaqo-nkqubo woburhulumente wokuma kwabasebenzi abasuka kwelinye ilizwe kwicandelo leglavu labonwa xa kwavela izityholo ze-USDOL. Nangona iSebe Lemicimbi Yabasebenzi laseMalaysia ekuqaleni lathi ukuthintelwa kokungeniswa kwempahla kwiGlove ephezulu “kwakungalunganga kwaye kungenasiseko”, [30] kutshanje itshintshe inkcazo yendawo yokuhlala yabasebenzi "yaba lusizi", [31] yaze yabeka igazethi kummiselo ongxamisekileyo onyanzelisa iglavu iinkampani ezenza imveliso zibonelela ngendawo yokuhlala eyoneleyo kunye nezixhobo zabasebenzi abafudukayo ukulawula ukusasazeka kwentsholongwane. [32]
Ibango eliphezulu. Ngelixa inani lezigulana ezosuleleke yi-COVID belikhula, iinkqubo zokugonya kwihlabathi liphela nazo zithatha umphunga. Ngenxa yoko, amaxesha okuveliswa kwemveliso aya enyanzeliswa, ngamanye amaxesha uxinzelelo luvela kwindawo ezingalindelekanga.
Ngo-Matshi wonyaka ophelileyo, uMzi wommeli wase-US eMalaysia waphinda wenza umfanekiso-ngqondweni onombhalo othi "Ngokuveliswa kweeglavu zonyango kunye nezinye iimveliso zonyango, ilizwe lixhomekeke eMalaysia ekulweni ne-COVID-19". [33] Ngokuzenzekelayo, i-tweet yathunyelwa kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa emva kokuba i-US iphakamise iinyanga ezintandathu zezohlwayo zokungenisa impahla kwilizwe laseMalaysian i-WRP Asia Pacific Sdn Bhd.Kwangelo xesha, uMmeli we-EU eMalaysia wabongoza abenzi beiglavu balapha ukuba "benze ubuchule" Ukuqinisekisa ngemveliso engama-24/7 ukuhlangabezana nemfuno engxamisekileyo yezixhobo zokuzikhusela. [34]
Ngaphandle kokukhathazeka okunyanzelekileyo ukuba iindlela ezinyanzelekileyo zabasebenzi zisenokuqhubeka zisenzeka kwiinkampani zegloves zaseMalaysian, imfuno yeiglavu ezilahlwayo ayibonisi zimpawu zokuthotywa kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi nokuba.
Kutshanje urhulumente waseCanada ubhengeze ukuba uphanda izityholo zokuphathwa gadalala kwabasebenzi kwimizi-mveliso yegloves eMalaysia emva kokupapashwa kweCBC's Indawo yentengiso ingxelo. Ibango, nangona kunjalo, akunakulindeleka ukuba liwe. I-Arhente yeeNkonzo zeMida yaseKhanada yagqabaza yathi “ayikhange ifake isicelo sothintelo lweerhafu kwimpahla eveliswa ngokunyanzelwa. Ukuseka ukuba iimpahla ziveliswe ngokunyanzelwa kufuna ukuba kwenziwe uphando kunye nohlalutyo kunye nolwazi oluxhasayo. [35]
E-Australia, kwakhona, uphando lwe-ABC lufumene ubungqina obubalulekileyo bokuxhatshazwa kwabasebenzi kwiindawo zokuvelisa iiglavu zaseMalaysia. Isithethi seAustralia Border Force kwathiwa "urhulumente uxhalabile zizityholo zobukhoboka banamhlanje ezinxulumene nokwenziwa kwezixhobo zokuzikhusela, kubandakanya neiglavu zerabha." Kodwa ngokungafaniyo ne-US, i-Australia ayifuni bangenisi benkonzo ukuba babonise ukuba akukho msebenzi unyanzelekileyo kwikhonkco labo lokuhambisa. [36]
Urhulumente wase-UK uqhubekile nokufumana iigloves zonyango eMalaysia, nangona evuma ingxelo yeOfisi Yasekhaya egqibe kwelokuba "urhwaphilizo luxhaphakile kwiinkqubo zokugaya abantu baseMalaysia nakwamanye amazwe angumthombo wabasebenzi, kwaye ichukumisa zonke iinxalenye zonikezelo lwabasebenzi". [37 ]
Ngelixa ibango leiglavu liza kuqhubeka nokukhula, akunakuthethwa okufanayo malunga nokubonelelwa. UMARGMA kutsha nje uthe ukunqongophala kweiglavu zerabha kuya kuhlala ngaphezulu konyaka wama-2023. Ukutyiwa kwegloves yinkqubo ethatha ixesha, kwaye nezixhobo zemveliso azinakwandiswa ngobusuku obunye.
Imiceli mngeni engalindelekanga njengokuqhambuka kwe-COVID kwimizi-mveliso yokuvelisa iglavu kunye nokunqongophala kweekhonteyina zokuhambisa kuye kwayenza mandundu imeko. Namhlanje, ixesha elikhokelayo loku-odola liqikelelwa ukuba limalunga neenyanga ezintandathu ukuya kwezisibhozo, kunye nemfuno evela koorhulumente abanqwenela ukuqhuba ngokuthengisa amaxabiso aphakathi.
Isiphelo
Icandelo leglavu zerabha laseMalaysia ngumthombo wengqesho, utshintshiselwano lwangaphandle kunye neenzuzo zoqoqosho ngexesha lokuvavanya. Ukunyuka kwebango kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso kuncede iifemu ezomeleleyo ukuba zikhule kwaye zikhuthaze abatsha abangena kwicandelo. Ukujonga phambili, ukwandiswa kwecandelo kuyaqinisekiswa, ubuncinci kwithuba elifutshane, enkosi kwimfuno engagungqiyo, ekhuthazwayo ngokuyinxenye, ngokuqhutywa kogonyo.
Nangona kunjalo, ayizizo zonke izinto ezintsha eziqwalaselweyo ezilungileyo. Ingeniso enkulu yecandelo kwindawo engenanto yakhokelela ekutsaleni irhafu yomoya. Ezabasebenzi nemibutho yoluntu ifuna ukuba ezinye zeenzuzo zabiwe ngokubanzi, ngakumbi xa kujongwa inkxaso yelizwe efunyanwa licandelo. Ekugqibeleni, ngexa icandelo lalingahlawuliswa rhafu, iinkokheli zeshishini zavuma ukunikela ngokuzithandela ekukhutshweni kwesitofu sokugonya.
Okona kumbi kakhulu koku kukutyhilwa kokuba izenzo zabasebenzi ngabadlali abaphambili beli candelo bezingamkelekanga. Ngelixa ingeyonxalenye yecandelo leiglavu zerabha xa zizonke, izityholo ezibi malunga neenkampani ezithile ziye zaphakanyiswa amatyeli amaninzi kwaye zandulela ubhubhane we-COVID-19. Ukudityaniswa kwengqwalaselo yamazwe aphesheya kunye nokubanakho kwamazinga aphezulu osulelo kukhuthaze abasemagunyeni ukuba bathathe amanyathelo.
Oku, kuphakamisa imiba kwimeko yeziko ngokubanzi eMalaysia, ukusuka kwimigaqo elawula ukugaywa kwabantu, izindlu kunye nonyango lwabasebenzi bamanye amazwe ukuya ekubekweni kweliso nokuhlolwa kweendawo zokusebenzela kunye neendawo zokuhlala. Oorhulumente baxolelwa uxanduva, ngeefowuni zokuphuculwa kwecandelo zikhutshwa ngaxeshanye kunye neefowuni zokunciphisa amaxesha emveliso kunye nokwanda kwamanqanaba emveliso. I-COVID-19 ibonakalise ngokucacileyo ukuba ukwahlukana phakathi kwentlalontle yabasebenzi kunye nempilo ebanzi yoluntu ayicacanga, kwaye ngenene banxibelelene kakhulu.
Malunga nababhali: UFrancis E. Hutchinson nguMlingane oMkhulu kunye noMququzeleli weNkqubo yeMfundo eMalaysia, kwaye uPritish Bhattacharya liGosa loPhando kwiNkqubo yoPhando lwezoQoqsho kwi-ISEAS - iYusof Ishak Institute. Le yeyesibini kwezimbini ezijongwa kwicandelo leglavu zerabha laseMalaysia. . Imbono yokuqala (2020/138) yaqaqambisa izinto ezinegalelo kuhlumo olungathethekiyo lweshishini ngo-2020.
ImvelaphiEli nqaku lapapashwa kwi-ISEAS Persposition 2021/35, 23 Matshi 2021.
Ixesha Post: May-11-2021